Cutting machine



' Ap 1945. c. A. WlKEN ETAL 2,372,699

CUTTING MACHINE Filed July 18, 1941 5 Sheets-Shee't l gvwmbow Chrz's fyA. kV/Wen,

Hugo M flash/7117s,

mmmw;

April 3, 1945. c. A. WlKEN ET 1. 2,372,599

\ CUTTING MACHINE Filed July 18, .1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A I QWWMW April3, 1945. c wlKEN ET AL 2,372,699

CUTTING MACHINE Filed July 18, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 F i 6 d v .1 42 r ifig-1% 33 O 58 momw C. A. WIKEN ETAL A ril 3, 1945.

CUTTING MACHINE Filed July 18, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 2m C m April 3,1945.- c. A; WIKEN ET AL CUTTING MACHINE 5 Sheet-Sheet 5 Filed July 18,1941 matically.

Patented Apr. 3, 1945 Christ! A. Wiken kee, Wis, assignors, The DeltaManufact tion of Delaware and Hugo V. Boehnke, Milwau by mesneassignments, to uring Company, a corpora- Application July 18, 1941,Serial No. 403,048 20 Claims. (Cl. 164-60) The present invention relatesto devices for cutting materials, comprising broadly either a rotatingcutter blade or a disk, for example, a rotatable disk made of abrasivematerial, suitably bonded to withstand the operating conditions, andcommonly known as an abrasive disk," means for furnishing power torotate the same, means for moving the cutting element through a workpiece and means for supporting the work piece in proper position to becut.

More specifically the invention comprises a motor suitably connected bybelt or gearing to an arbor for supporting a cutting element for rapidrotation and a cradle for permitting the motor and element Jointly toturn about a pivot parallel to the axis of the cutter so as to'cross thepath of the work piece which is" to be cut, a specific feature of themechanism consisting of means for supplying a cooling and lubricatingsubstance to the cutting element while in operation.

Other features of the invention consist in means for moving the cuttingblade across the work piece, together with resilient means forcounter-balancing the weight of the mechanism and restoring saidmechanism to a position in readiness to cut the next work piece, andclear the path of one which has already been cut.

Another feature of the invention is to provide an improved adjustablestop for attachment to a fence for use in cutting stock into pieces ofany desired length, whereby exact duplicates may be cut rapidly andefficiently.

A further object is to provide means whereby the stock being cut will besupported on both sides of the out, thus preventing ,it from yielding orbending when partially severed, and making it detail, a specificembodiment has been selected ing means for supplying a lubricant orcoolant thereto;

Fig. 3 is a corresponding fragmentary front elevation of the supportingflange for the cutting element, showing the passages for the liquid;

Fig. 415 a similar fragmentary partly sectional side elevation through amodified type of cutting element and drive shaft, wherebythe liquid issupplied to both faces'of the cutting element;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary partly sectional side elevation showing a stillfurther modified form of drive mounting for the cutting element, whereinthe liquid is supplied from a cavity in the central drive shaft itself,and reaches both faces of-the cutting element;

Fig. 6 shows partly in section the means for mounting the cuttingelement and shaft for rotation, the liquid here being fed as in Fig. 5,al-

though of course, the same bearings and pulley possible to securecleanand true cuts free from burs. This is accomplished by providing a,bridge in the table insert, beyond the cutter slot, and a dischargeopening beyond the bridge, through which the severed pieces of stockwill drop auto- An additional object is to provide a stock clamp whichcooperates with the fence to receive and hold stock'while being cut, sodesigned that the stock may be introduced from the front of the machineand need not be inserted endwise, a particularly important feature withlong stock such-as pipe or cable. r

A feature of the machine resides in providing guards for the cuttingtool, both above and below the work table, and in providing means forremoving dust or sludge produced in the cutting of stock.

In order to explain the invention in greater may be used for all thetypes of liquid feed;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional detail showing a pivot and spring foradjusting the mechanism to compensate for the varying weights of'variousdrive motors, so as to maintain proper balance.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of an insert for use with 1 the machine;

Fig. 9 is a section therethrough on the vertical plane indicated by theline 9-8 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a detail, in plan view and on a larger scale, ofan adjustablestop for the stock beingcut; and

Fig. 11 is a front view thereof, the fence being shown partly brokenaway;

Fig. 12 is anend elevation of a clamp for holding stock against thetable and fence, and

Fig. 13 is a front elevation thereof, partly broken away; v

Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation through the machine, looking to theright, on a plane adjacent the left face of the cutting tool, andshowing means for guarding the tool from beneath as well as means forexhausting dust; cuttings, and other waste from the machine.

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary, partly sectional, detail of means for feedingjets of coolant to the tool of Fig. 14.

In all the figures similar elements are designated by the same referencecharacters.

Referring first to Fig, 1, the machine comprises a base I, mounted onsuitable supports or legs 2. A motor base 3. mounted on a shaft 4constituting a pivot, serves to support a motor 5, which supplies thepower for the machine. and the shaft of which is connected by a suitablebelt or belts to the shaft 6 (see Fig. 6) which carries the cuttingelement 1, here shown as a metalcutting saw blade.

A protective casing 8 is provided and, guards the element l, which canmove arcuately up and down therein, when the driving mechanism turns Asecond casing about the shaft t as an axis. or belt housing 9, surroundsthe motor pulley and the pulley l driven thereby. While this is shown asa. multiple-groove pulley. for use with a plurality of belts, thisfeature is not essential and a single belt may be substituted ifpreferred.

It will be noted that the guard 8 is shaped to cover the blade I, onlyan arcuate slot or the like being left open to receive the driven shaft.

and permit it to move about the pivot 4. A rod H, preferably having aball i2 at its end, is secured to the housing 9 or to the bearing sleeveI3, so that a downward pull or push applied manually to the rod or ballwill cause the cutting blade I to move downward.

Such downward motion may continue below the level of the top of the baseI by reason of a circular insert l4 having a slot l5 extending in adiametraldirection, and permanently alined with the general plane of thecutting element 7. The said insert preferably has its upper surfaceflush with the top of the base I, so as to form a continuous planetherewith. thus providing a work-receiving table. A'scale l6 may beprovided on one of said parts to cooperate with index marks such as H onthe other part, to indicate the direction of the slot I5 with respect tothe base I.

In order to make it possible to vary the angle at which the cutting isaccomplished. the insert I4 is preferably mounted rotatably in the basei. a clamping screw i8 being provided for securin the mechanism in itsadjusted position. The screw l8 enters the arcuate slot I 9 and belowthe same any suitable nut or the like may be threaded thereon, so thatby tightening the screw l8 the parts may be clamped together firmly,

A fence 20, 2! here shown as of angle-iron configuration is located onthe table as shown and may be adjusted forward and back and clampedwhere wanted by any customary or conventional means. The fence ispreferably made in two sections and 2! as shown, which are ordinarilymaintained in alinement with one another and serve to guide the workpieces. One reason for providing two sections is of course, to make itpossible for the cutting blade 1 to pass downward into the slot i5 so asto permit cutting entirely through the work piece. Slots 22 and 23 maybe provided in the table as shown for securing anything desired thereto,such as special guides or jigs for work pieces of unusual shapes, or forsupporting fences such as 20 and 2| in various positions.

It will be understood, of course, that the motor 5 and bracket 3 areusually relatively heavy so that it would be difficult to cause the sameto pivot about the shaft 4 without counterbalancing means, and for thispurpose a helical spring such as 24, best shown in Fig. 7 may beprovided. This spring may have one end 25 engaged in a suitable aperture26 in a relatively stationary part 21 of the mechanism, its other end 28bein engaged in an aperture 29 formed in a collar 33 which is secured tothe shaft 4 in any suitable way, for example by means of the set screw3i. The spring 24 thus will tend to maintain the shaft 4 in a definiteposition. The motor base 3 is carried by the shaft 4 as shown in Fig.7.

It will be noted that the base 3 has a threaded bore 32 at one endthereof and an unthreaded bore 33 at the other. The shaft 4correspondingly is mounted in a sleeve having a threaded portion 34which will fit in the threads at 32 so that the said shaft 4 may beinserted in proper place by holding the base 3 in alinement with therelatively stationary portion 21 and inserting the shaft 4 from. theleft hand side, finally turning it to make the necessary adjustment. Thebase 3 may then be secured to the shaft 4 and sleeve 34 by means of setscrews 35 and 36 which will engage against the smooth undercut portions,37 of the sleeve and 38 of the shaft respectively.

By turning the shaft 4 a suitable amount in one direction or the other,which may be done easily by inserting a rod or lever in the hole 39, itis possible to secure the desired tension on the spring 24, to providethe desired amount of counterbalance, whereupon the set screw 36 may betightened to maintain such adjusted condition. In order to facilitatethe rotation of the shaft 4, roller hearings or similar anti-frictionmeans maybe provided. For example in Fig, 7 the stationary element 21has the outer races iii seated therein, while the cooperating innerraces 4| are carried by the shaft 4, the rollers 42 being interposedbetween said races in the customary manner. Any end-play in these rollerbearings may be taken up by the sleeve 34. While such bearings are notessential, and may be omitted where necessary for cheapness ofconstruction. their provision will nevertheless improve the ease ofoperation of the device. s

The roller bearings eliminate end-play between the base 3 and thebracket 21. Even small endplay here would be multiplied greatly at thecutting blade, causing binding of steel blades and breakage of abrasivedisks. This is an important feature of the present machine, which makesit possible to take up all end-play without affectin the ease of feedingthe cutter into the stock. The sleeve 34 also makes it easier toassemble the mechanism, because a slight clearance, say onethirty-second of one inch, may be left between the brackets 3 and 21,and later taken up by screwing in the sleeve 34, toward the right-handbearing 4|, which in turn causes the other bearing 4! to bear againstthe bracket 3, thus taking up all play.

The arcuate guard casing 8 is centered about the axis of the shaft 4, sothat the cutting blade 1 will move freely within such guard 8, thusshielding the operator as well as the cutting device, and alsopreventing the blade from throwing cuttings, grit, coolant or lubricantcentrifugaliy therefrom.

Heretofore it has been difiicult to provide satisfactory means forfeeding the coolant to the cutting device, and one of the importantobjects of the present invention is to provide such means. One way ofdoing this is illustrated in Fig. 2.

it acts as a passage for the coolant.

Here it will be noted that the cutting blade I is mounted onthe shaft 6by means of two cupped or undercut flanges 43 and 44, which fit freelybut without undue play upon said shaft. The shaft 6 may have an integralflange 45 thereon, against which abuts the central portion of the flange44, as shown, the flange 43 being placed on the other side of the cutterI and secured by means of the nut 46 engaged on the threaded end 41 ofthe shaft.

It will be seen that by reason of the undercut or cupped construction ofthe flanges 43 and 44 the disk 1 is not strained at its center and ismerely clamped annularly between the flanges, so that no breakingstrains are produced when the nut 46 is tightened. The undercut portionof the flange 44 also serves a further purpose, namely,

To accomplish this the rim of the flange 44 may be provided withsubstantially radial grooves 48 of "any desired number, so that insteadof having a close and tight contact with the cutter element 1, radialpassages are provided at intervals through which liquid may pass.

To feed such liquid into the space 49 produced from these spaces topermit the outflowof the coolant adjacent both faces of the cuttingtool,

- as indicated by the arrows.

between the tool and the' work piece.

This form of device willtherefore cool and lubricate both sides of thecutter and cut, and

thus provide superior service, especially in cases The further modifiedform illustrated in Fig. 5

remedies this defect. without losing the advantage 'of providing a flowof coolant along both faces of the'disk. In this form the coolant flowsthrough a tube 12 which is bent as shown at 53, so that its end mayenter into a cavity or bore 14, in the end of the driven shaft 6. Thecutting blade I, which is here of standard type, is mountby theundercutting, a chamfered groove 50 is here provided in the oppositeface of the flange or washer 44, the inclined surface of said groovebeing arranged so that gravity and centrifugal force will combine tomaintain the liquid at the outside or bottom of the groove, whence itmay pass into the space 49 through suitable apertures 5i passing throughthe said flange.

In order to provide such coolants. a suitable container 52 may bemounted upon the housing It with a shut-oil valve 53 and an adjustingcollar 54 having a locking means 55, such as are often'used insight-feed lubricators. A suitable peep hole 56 will indicate the rateof drip of the liquid in the customary way. Fittings 51, 58, and

59 will support the container 52 on the housing It and also will holdthe discharge tube, 66 in proper position to feed the coolant into theroove W.

The arrows 6i indicate diagrammatically the flow of the coolant, whichpasses on one side of the tool 7 and impinges on the work piece 62mounted on the table I. While the flow takes place along only one faceof the cutting element, yet upon reaching the work piece it is clearthat some of the coolant will enter the kerf made by the cutting disk soas to lubricate and/or cool the entire cut.

The disadvantageabove mentioned may be eliminated by the modifiedconstruction illustrated in Fig. 4. Here the cutting tool 63 has a muchlarger central opening as indicated at 64, and is mounted betweenaflange 43, ident cal with that of Fig. 2, and the companion flange 65which is materially different from the flange 44 of the previouslydescribed form. The shaft bore 14 are provided to establishcommunication between said'bore and the spaces I8 and E6 on oppositesides of the disk I. In this form it is clear that centrifugal force andgravitation willcooperate to cause the coolant to flow radially outwardalong both faces of the disk, thus cooling the same and also lubricatingboth sides of the cut.

The operation of the invention will be clear from theabove descriptionof the structures ing volved, but may be summarized briefly as follows:

cc Assuming that it is desired to cut a work piece of such nature and atsuch speed that lubrication and cooling of'the cutting blade I aredesirable or requisite, a suitable cooling and/or lubricating liquidwill be placed in the reservoir 52 and the mechanism adjusted tofeed theproper, number of drops per minute into the tube 66;

This liquid will then flow along one or both faces of the cutting bladeI, under the combined action of gravitation and centrifugal force, whichwill cause said liquid to enter forcibly into the kerf in the workpiece. The rate of cut is of course, controlled by the speed with whichthe lever H is brought down manually, and the spring 24 which haspreferably been adjusted to overbalance the mechanism slightly,will'serve to repassing through the center of the insert 14, the

6, nut 46, washer 45, and bearing sleeve l3 may be the same as those ofFig. 2.

The flange has a central portion 660i proper diameter to fit within theopening 54 of the cutting tool 63 as shown, to center and support thesame in proper position. An undercut groove 56 is provided in the flange65 to receive the end of the coolant-feeding-tube 60, which leads to themunication respectively with the space 69 and the space 10 on oppositesides of the cutting-tool 53.

and passages 48 and H lead radially outward angle between the cutter Iand the work piece vmay be'adjusted as desired, and by shifting thefence members 20 and M to various positions.

readily.

All the mechanism is supported by the insert l4 in such a way that inrotating thus about a vertical aiiis the alinement of the various partsis not disturbed, and the coolant reservoir as well as the guard 6 forthe cutting blade all move togetheras a unit,thus materially simplifyingthe structure and ease of operation and ad-justment of the machine.

The insert l4, shown in detail in Figs. 8 and 9, is preferably adiskhaving 3. depending flange 63 at its outer edge, fitting in the holein table I as shown in Fig. 1. It is provided with a central slot I5 toreceive the cutter blade I or 63, said slot having thickened edgesformed by the rib 82. A hole 80, preferably rectangular, is provided inthe insert to allow the pieces cut off from the stock 85 to fallthrough. A strip of material BI .is left between the hole 80 and theslot I5, to form a bridge upon which the overhanging (righthand asshown) end of the stock 85 may rest during the cutting, which preventsthe cut piece from yielding when only partly severed, as would occur ifthe hole 80 extended into the slot I5.

While the hole 80 is very useful in many applications of the machine, attimes it may be desirable to have no such hole. This situation may ofcourse be met by providin an additional insert without the hole, orpreferably by providing a separate closure such as 96, which will fit inthe hole and have its upper surface flush with that of the disk I4. Thispiece 86 is shown in place in Fig. 9, supported for example on lugs 81as shown.

In order to facilitate cutting a number of pieces of the same length,when desired, an adjustable fence stop -may be provided, as shownv indetail in Figs. 10 ahd 11. The fences 20 and 2I are provided with holes84 through any one of which will fit the screw 88 formed as a part ofthe head 89 or secured thereto if preferred.

The head is preferably hexagonal as shown, to

facilitate holding it by a wrench, and a nut, 90 is threaded on thescrew 88 to hold the head 89 securely at the selected hole. 9| has ascrew 92 extending therefrom as shown, and passing through a smooth bore93 in the head 89, as shown. Knurled nuts 94 and 95 are threaded on thescrew 92, and thus the stop 9| may be adjusted to correct position andsecured firmly by manipulating the said nuts 94 and 95. Referring now toFigs. 12 and 13, there is shown a clamp for holding stock or work piecesto the fence and table of the machine, for cutting. The fence 20 hassecured thereto, as by the weld 91, a. pair of plates 98 and 99, inwhich is journalled the bent end I of a lever 96. An excentric or cam MIis secured to the portion I00 by means of a headless set screw I02, sothat when the lever 98 is pushed back, the flat surface I03 of the camwill be up, allowing rear end I04 of upper lever I05 to descend inresponse to the pull of a spring I0I. This lever is secured to one endof the rod I08, which extends to the right along fence 20, and isjoumalled in plates 98 and 99 at one end and in plate I08 at the other,all carried by the said fence.

The rod I08 has a groove or keyway I09 extending along it, in whichengages the reduced end IIO of set screw III, threaded into the lever II2, thus forcing the lever I I2 to rise or fall when the rod I08 turns.At the other end of rod I06 is the lever I I15, also secured thereto bya set screw H3, threaded through the lever I05, so that the rod I08 willturn when this lever is moved.'

The stop element.

A second bore I Il may be provided also inthe lever I I2, to receive thescrew II5 when flat or rectangular stock is to be clamped.

It will be seen that this clamp secures the stock or workpiece in the Vformed by the fence 20 and the table insert I4. This has the advantagethat the clamping relationship remains unchanged when the unit is movedon the table. The pressure exerted on the workpiece may be varied asdesired to suit the stock being cut, by tuming the screw H5, and once itis locked, it remains so automatically, until the clamp is releasedintentionally, in other words, the clamping system is self-locking.

Referring now to Fig. 14, it will be seen that the machine is here shownwith an abrasive type of cutter mounted therein, to illustrate itsadaptability to wet cutting with this style of cutter. A suitablecoolant, such as a water and soda solution, may be fed to the wheel II9,preferably by delivering it to the same, at or near the point where itis cutting the stock.

One Way of doing this is shown in Figs. 14 and 15. A tube or pipe I36 isprovided, passing through the outer wall of the guard casing 8, and heldin place in any suitable way, as by the nut I31 and the lock nut I38.Within the casing this tube is divided into two branches I39, whichextend on opposite sides of the cutting wheel II9, as best shown in Fig.15. The coolant is fed into the tube I36 from any suitable source, suchas a pressure supply or an elevated reservoir, as in usual practice. Thejets of coolant I will impinge against the wheel and the stock beingcut, thus cooling the same and also assisting in carrying Off the gritand cuttings.

It will be understood however that it is not always necessary to use acoolant. When the machine is used the sparks and other waste will passoff mainly through the rear opening I20 in the guard 8, to the passageI23 and the suction outlet I24. The outlet nozzle swivels with theinsert I4. A small portion of the waste will enter the lower guard I2Iwhich is located below the surface of the table. This lower guard isfunnel shaped and curved to correspond to the cutter, and has a centraloutlet I22 for drawing off any waste that collects therein. A pan II 8may be placed under the machine to collect the discharged liquid andwaste, when coolant is used, the liquid being available for re-use, ifdesired.

The lower guard I 2I is however intended mainly to. prevent injury tothe operator. Should he At the free outer end of lever I I2 is athreaded bore H4, into which is screwed the clamping screw II 5, whichmay be held in adjusted position by the lock nut IIB. This makes itpossible to adjust the screw II5 properly to hold a round piece of stock85 of any diameter within the range of theclamp. When the handle '96 is.pushed backward, the clamp will open sufilciently to permit the stock 85to be taken out forward, that is, toward the operator, thus making itpossible to clamp long *rods, pipes, cables, etc., without requiringthem to be introduced endwise, and

thereby speeding up the work very' materially.

absent-mindedly' raise his knee under'the machine, this guard willprotect him from contact with the cutting wheel or other tool when indepressed position.

The insert I4 is held rotatably in base I by washers I26 engaged onbolts I21, and having nuts I28 thereon, spacing rings I29 beinginterposed between the washers I26 and the under surface of the insert,or if preferred made integral with the said washers. V

The guard 8 is secured to the insert in any preferred way, for exampleby screws such as shown at I30 (shown in Fig. 14).

The belt guard shown in Fig. 1 has an outer portion 9 which is.substantially a box open to the left, and a cover I26 for said box. Thiscover fits loosely within the box 9 and engages three pads or lugstherein, which retainit properly spaced. A single stud bolt passingthrough both sides of the guard holds these parts together, so

that thus only a single nut needs be taken off to permit access to thebelts and pulleys, by removing the portion 9 of the guard.

The range of movement of the frame 3 with respect to the base I, aboutthe pivot 4; is preferably limited by rubber bumpers or the like, I32and I35, shown in Fig. 14. These maybe held by cupped nuts I33 and I34respectively, threaded on the vertically arranged stud I3I, which issecured to the support for frame 3, which also carries shaft supports 21shown in Figure 3. The respective buffers I32 and I35 are thus capableof being adjusted vertically and will be struck by the upper and lowersurfaces of the frame 3. at the corresponding desired limits of itspivotal movement.

While a specific embodiment of the mechanism has been disclosed hereinin detail, together with several alternative types of coolant feedingmeans, which are at present believed to embody the preferred forms ofthe machine, it is obvious that many changes may be made in both themachine and the liquidfeeding means without departing from the spirit ofthe invention.

cutter, said guard being funnel-shaped and having an outlet at itslowermostportion to discharge any waste or cuttings produced in theoperation of the machine.

5. In a cutting machine, a base upon which work-pieces may be supportedduring cutting; a frame assembly disposed in cooperative relationship tosaid base and carrying a cutting device rotatable about an axissubstantially parallel to said base; a pair of spaced anti-frictionbearing means mounting said frame for rocking movement about an axisparallel to the axis of said cutting device and adapting the latter formovement toward a work-piece on said base, said 'bearing means embodyingrolling elements and races cooperating in sufficiently tightly rollingengagement to preclude movement of said frame in any direction otherthan in a plane exactly normal to the axis of said cutting device,thereby It is, of course, clear that the liquid-feeding meansisapplicable to many other types of machines in addition to the onespecifically illustrated, and that it is not by any means confined tothe lubrication and/or cooling of high-speed metal-cutting blades, butmay also be applied to any other type of rotary cutter, such as anabrasive type cutter, or milling cutters, usually operavoidingsubjecting the latter to damaging side stresses during cutting; andmeans for maintain ing said relationship of said rolling elements andraces.

6. In a cutting machine, a base upon which work-pieces may be supportedduring cutting, providing a pair of rigid spaced supports; ananti-friction outer bearing race tightly fitting in an opening in eachsupport; a plurality of I rolling bearing elements and an inner bearingating at a materially lower speed, and many other rotary cuttingdevices.

, The invention is thereforenot to be considered as limited to thespecific structures illustrated, but is defined solely by the followingclaims.

Weclai'm: I 1. In a machine for cutting material, a support for saidmaterial, said support having a narrow slit therein to admit the cutter,and having an opening laterally beyond one side of said slit,

to provide means for discharging the pieces cut from said material,there being a bridge between the said slit and the opening, said bridgeaffording support for said material while being cut and preventingimperfect cutting due to yield of the material before it is completelysevered.

2. In a machine for cutting material, a support for said material, afence adjustabiy secured to said support, and an'adjustable stop forpositioning said material, said stop comprising a head securable to thefence, a stop carried by said head and movable transversely thereof, andmeans for securing the stop in desired adjusted position on said head.

3. In a machine for cutting material, a support for said material, afence carried by said support and clamping means for holding thematerial to the fence and support while being cut, said clamping meanscomprising a journal carried by the fence, an operating lever having aportion journalled therein, a cam mounted on said portion, a rodextending substantially parallelto the fence and also journalled in saidjournail, a lever secured to the rod and bearing on the cam wherebyrotation of the cam will shift said 4. In amachine for cutting material,including a revolvin'g'cutter, a table for the material to be cut, saidtable having an opening through which the cutter may project, and aguard below the table to prevent accidental contact with the racecooperating with each of said outer bearing races; a shaft extendingfrom one support to the other and snugly fitting Within said innerbearing races for axial sliding movement therein; a frame having spacedportions tightly fitting said shaft adjacent said bearings; means forsecuring said frame to said shaft; a rotatable cutter j I mounted onsaid frame and adapted to be fed toward a work-piece on said base; amotor for driving said cutter; and means, acting upon one 40 of saidinner races-and reacting against one of the spaced portions of saidframe, for eliminating all axial and radial play in said bearings, for

' positively constraining said cutting device for swinging movement in aplane exactly normal to the axis of said cutter.

'7. The cutting machine defined in claim 6, wherein said motor andcutter are so located with respect to said shaft as to cause said cutterto tend to rock said frame toward saidbase; and

a coiled torsion spring is employed to urge said frame upwardly againstthe action of said motor and cutter, said spring being mounted upon andsecured at one end to said shaft and having its other end secured to oneof said supports.

' 8. In a cut-off machine, a base upon which work-pieces may besupported during cutting; a frame mounted for pivotal swinging'movementupon said base in a substantially vertical plane;

a cutter mounted for rotation upon the frame adjacent its front end andadapted to be brought into cutting relationship with work-piecessupported on said base; a motor carried by said frame and drivinglyconnected to said cutter, said cutting device and said motor being solocated with respect to the pivot of said frame that said cutterover-balances said motor and normal- 1y tends to rock said frame towardsaid base; and. resilient means for constantly overcoming the tendencyof said frame to bring said cutter toward the work-piece.

9. The machine defined in claim 8, wherein said resilient meanscomprises a torsion spring operably connected at opposite ends to saidbase and frame and embodying means for adjusting one end into aplurality of angular positions, for imparting various counter-balancingactions thereto.

10. In a cutting machine, a table upon which a work-piece may besupported during a cutting operation; a fence mounted on said table andagainst which the work-piece is adapted to bear during the cuttingoperation; and work clamping means, operable to contact the work-pieceand maintain it in tight engagement with both the fence and a portion ofthe table adjacent said fence, for positively restraining it againstmovement during cutting.

11. In a cutting machine, a table for supporting work-pieces incooperative relationship to a cutting device; a fence mounted on saidtable; a work clamping device rockably mounted on said fence andoperable to engage and force a workpiece into tight engagement with bothsaid table and said fence; and a sllf-locking mechanism for rocking saidwork holding device into work holding position.

12. The cutting machine defined in claim 11, wherein said work clampingdevice comprises a rockable arm and a work contacting element adaptedfor mounting on said arm in a plurality of adjusted inclinations andoperable to urge the work into engagement with the fence and table withforces having selectively variable horizontal and vertical components.

13. The cutting machine defined in claim 11,

' .wherein said work clamping device embodies means adapting it forcooperation with difierent sized work-pieces. whereby the range ofmovement of said work clamping device and said mechanism may bemaintained substantially constant for all sizes of work-pieces.

14. The cutting machine defined in claim 11. wherein said work clampingdevice comprises a rockable arm carrying an adjustable screw adapted tocontact the work-piece.

15. The cutting machine defined in claim 11,

wherein means are provided for securing said fence to said table in anyone of a plurality of adjusted positions with respect to said cuttingdevice, for varying the cutting action.

16. In a cutting machine, a work guiding fence adapted to be supportedon a work table; a work clamping arm rockably mounted on said fence andadapted to engage a work-piece and force it against both the table andfence; and means for rocking said arm, comprising a shaft mounted forrocking movement about an axis parallel to said fence and carrying a camcoacting with a portion of said shaft.

17. The cutting machine defined in claim 16, together with resilientmeans constantly urging said shaft portion into contact with said cam,and operable to retract the shaft and work clamping arm into theinoperative position.

, 18. In a cutting machine, a base adapted to support a work-pieceduring a cutting operation; a support having pivot means .mounting it onsaid base for rocking movement about a vertical axis into any one of aplurality of adjusted positions; a frame pivotally mounted on saidsupport for rocking movement about a substantially horizontal axis andcarrying a rotatable cutter adapted to be fed toward a work-piece onsaid base; and stop means, located adjacent said pivot means, forlimiting movement of said frame toward and away from said base in alladjusted positions of said support on said base.

19. The cutting machine defined in claim 18, wherein said stop meanscomprises an upright member on said support passing upwardly through anopening in said frame, and a pair of vertically spaced elements on saidmember coacting with the upper and lower surfaces of said frame.

20. In a cutting machine, a base having an insert upon which work-piecesmay be supported during cutting; means mounting said insert foradjustment about a vertical axis; a support rockable in unison with saidinsert and carrying a frame rockable about a horizontal axis andcarrying a rotatable cutter movable toward said insert; a guard for saidcutter mounted on said insert having an opening at its rear adjacentsaid support and adapted to discharge cuttings and the like duringoperation; passage means in said support for receiving materialdischarged from said guard; and means for removing said material fromthe interior of said support, comprising sue-'- tion conduit meanscommunicating with said passage means.

CHRISTY A. WIKEN. H. V. BOEHNKE.

